The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It is normally very elastic. However as we age and due to certain medical conditions the wall of the aorta can weaken. The weakening causes the wall to stretch and bulge. This bulging is known as an aortic aneurysm. Aneurysms are a threat to one’s health because they can rupture and cause fatal bleeding. This is the tenth leading cause of death in men 65 to 75 years of age.

Risk Factors for Aneurysms
(Factors that Damage the Arterial Wall)

Atherosclerosis: a build up of fats and cholesterol along the artery walls. Genetics: inherited conditions that affect the body’s connective tissue. Aging: the arteries become stiffer as we get older. Trauma: can damage or weaken the walls of the aorta. Infections: can also damage the walls of the aorta. Inflammation: any condition that causes a reaction in the vessel wall. Hypertension: high blood pressure can abnormally stretch the wall. Smoking: can damage the lining of the aorta, as well as make aneurysms enlarge faster.

Testing for Aneurysms
(Tests that Can Determine the Size and Location and Rate of Growth)

Ultrasound: uses sound waves to measure the size of aneurysms. CT Scan: Uses radiation to measure the size and exact location. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: (MRI) uses magnetic imaging. Arteriogram: is invasive and uses radiation and IV contrast but can be used in the repair of aneurysms.

Treatment
The treatment of aneurysms depends on the size and location. Small aneurysms 4.0 centimeters and less can be observed. Aneurysms 5.5 centimeters and larger should be considered for repair, as well as aneurysms that grow faster than 1.0 centimeters per year. Keeping high blood pressure under control, lowering the fats in the blood stream, moderate exercise and quitting smoking all aid in slowing or halting the growth of aneurysms. Aneurysms can be treated either with an open operation or with an endovascular approach (fixed from the inside) depending on the location and shape.